Study Guide

Download PDF - Updated 10-Dec-11 (Includes all sites from WP 2011)

f. Adoxaceae – Sambucus canadensis – common elder – opp, pinn (5–11), taco shaped – bark thin warty
f. Adoxaceae – S. pubens – red-berried elder – opp, pinn (~7), serrate – large, purple, lateral buds
f. Adoxaceae – Viburnum acerifolium – mapleleaf viburnum – opp, simple – 4 lat buds, term stalked – twig ridged
f. Adoxaceae – V. dentatum – southern arrow-wood – opp, simple – taller – glabrous beneath – no stipules/fungus
f. Adoxaceae – V. lentago – nannyberry – opp, simple – long terminal bud – cast on twig
f. Adoxaceae – V. rafinesquianum – downy arrow-wood – opp, simple – purple fungus
f. Adoxaceae – V. trilobum – highbush-cranberry – opp, simple – buds plump, lustrous – tall stems

f. Anacardiaceae – Rhus aromatica – frag sumac – alt, pinn (3), lobed, term w/ acum base – catkins like small buds
f. Anacardiaceae – R. copallina – winged sumac – alt, pinnate – rachis winged
f. Anacardiaceae – R. glabra – smooth sumac – alt, pinnate (11–31) – twigs stout, glabrous, green/red
f. Anacardiaceae – R. typhina – staghorn sumac – alt, pinnate – twig pubescent – cluster of fruit
f. Anacardiaceae – Toxicodendron radicans – poison ivy – alt, pinnnate (3), often lobed – buds naked – wht berries
f. Anacardiaceae – T. vernix – poison sumac – alt, pinnate (7–13) – twigs stout – buds small – white berries

f. Annonaceae – Asimina triloba – pawpaw – alt, simple, obovate – 5 bundle scars in u-shape – stalked term bud

f. Aquifoliaceae – Ilex verticillata – Michigan holly – alt, simple – bark w/ warty lenticels – gray twig – red berries

f. Berberidaceae – Berberis thunbergii – Japanese barberry – clust, simp, narrow base, small – shrub – nodal spine

f. Betulaceae – Alnus glutinosa – black alder – alt, simple, crenate – clustered catkins 1-2 cm
f. Betulaceae – A. rugosa – speckled alder – alt, simple – bark smooth – buds stalked – catkins
f. Betulaceae – B. alleghaniensis – yellow birch – alt, simple, serrate – peely bark – spur shoots – monster claw bud
f. Betulaceae – B. papyrifera – paper birch – alt, simple, serrate, deltoid – short shoots – white papery bark
f. Betulaceae – B. pumila – bog birch – alt, simple, dentate, rounded – shrub
f. Betulaceae – B. x purpusii – purpus birch – alt, simple, small, serrate, occasionally in pairs
f. Betulaceae – Carpinus caroliniana – musclewood – alt, simple, serrate – trunk wavy – twig slender
f. Betulaceae – Corylus americana – American hazelnut – alt, simple, serrate – shrub – catkins – buds globose
f. Betulaceae – Ostrya virginiana – hop-hornbeam – alt, simple, serrate – narrow shreddy strip bark – buds angled

f. Bignonaceae – Catalpa speciosa – n. catalpa – opp/whorled, simple – knobby leaf scars – pith white – long pods

f. Cannabaceae – Celtis occidentalis – n. hackberry – alt, simple, cord, acum – terminal bud at 90° – topo-map bark

f. Caprifoliaceae – Lonicera dioica – smooth honeysuckle – opp, simple – internodes long – pith solid
f. Caprifoliaceae – L. maackii – Maack's honeysuckle – opp, simple, tear-drop – pith hollow
f. Caprifoliaceae – L. tatarica – Tartarian honeysuckle – opp, simple, spade-shaped – pith hollow

f. Celastraceae – Celastrus orbiculatus – Oriental bittersweet – alt, simple – lenticels like white flecs
f. Celastraceae – Euonymus alatus – winged wahoo – opp, simple – twig square and winged
f. Celastraceae – E. obovatus – creeping strawberry-bush – opp, simple, sessile, spatulate – twigs square – creeper

f. Cornaceae – Cornus alternifolia – alternate-leaved dogwood – simple, alt, crowded near terminus – buds green
f. Cornaceae – C. amomum – silky dogwood – opp, simple, acum, arc – twig red, pub. – lat buds appressed
f. Cornaceae – C. florida – flowering dogwood – opp, simple , acum, arc, orbicular– bark blocky – pagoda buds
f. Cornaceae – C. foemina – gray dogwood – opp, simple, acum, arc – bark smooth – lenticels prominent
f. Cornaceae – C. stolonifera – red-osier dogwood – opp, simple, acum, arc – red wine twig – fruit white

f. Cupressaceae – Juniperus communis var. depressa – ground juniper – needles, long, lined w/ stomata – shrub
f. Cupressaceae – J. virginiana – eastern redcedar – opp, needles/scales – tree – berries – 2 stomata rows
f. Cupressaceae – Thuja occidentalis – n. white cedar – opp, scales – flat sprays – no berries – swamp habitat

f. Elaeagnaceae – Elaeagnus umbellata – Autumn-olive – alt, simple – speckled leaves, twigs, and red berries

f. Ericaceae – Chamaedaphne calyculata – leatherleaf – opp, simple, smaller at apex – shrub – speckled
f. Ericaceae – Gaylussacia baccata – black huckleberry – alt, simple – shiny yellow resinous dots – twig striped vert
f. Ericaceae – Vaccinium angustifolium – low sweet blueberry – alt, simple, serrulate – twig grooved above buds
f. Ericaceae – V. corymbosum – highbush blueberry – alt, simple, smaller distally – petioles short – buds small
f. Ericaceae – V. oxycoccos – small cranberry – alt, simple, tiny – small – evergreen – bog species

f. Fabaceae – Cercis canadensis – redbud – alt, simple, cordate – twig dark, buds darker – legumes with two points
f. Fabaceae – Gleditsia triacanthos – honey-locust – alt, bipinnate, narrow, small – long curly pods – forked thorns
f. Fabaceae – Gymnocladus dioicus – Kentucky coffeetree – alt, bipinnate – leaflets variable, acuminate – twig large
f. Fabaceae – Robinia pseudoacacia – black locust – alt, pinnate, rounded – stipule spines – pods w/ rounded apex

f. Fagaceae – Castanea dentata – American chestnut – alt, simple w/ teeth at each vein – chestnut blight
f. Fagaceae – Fagus grandifolia – American beech – alt, simple – bark smooth – buds sharp, lateral – acorn?
f. Fagaceae – Quercus alba – white oak – alt, simple – light bark, small plates – acorn, 1.5-2cm, ¼ cap, warty
f. Fagaceae – Q. bicolor¬ – swamp white oak – alt, simple – wavy, shallow lobes – acorn on 2-8cm peduncle
f. Fagaceae – Q. ellipsoidalis – n. pin oak – alt, simple, sharp, deep lobes – acorn oval, 1-1.5cm, top-cup, sessile
f. Fagaceae – Q. imbricaria – shingle oak – alt, simple, unlobed, ovate, entire – acorn 1.5cm, round, ½ cup
f. Fagaceae – Q. x leana – Lea oak – alt, simple, shallow round sinuses, sharp lobes – acorn small ?
f. Fagaceae – Q. macrocarpa – bur oak – alt, simple, wasp-waist – bark ropelike – fringed acorn cup
f. Fagaceae – Q. muehlenbergii – chinkapin – alt, simple, shallow, sharp, lobes, acum – acorn, 1.5cm, dark, ½ cup
f. Fagaceae – Q. palustris – pin oak – alt, simple, narrow, sharp, deep sinuses – acorn, 1.3cm, ¼ cup, sessile
f. Fagaceae – Q. prinoides – dwarf chinkapin oak – alt, simple, small lobes – acorn, 1.5cm, ¼-1/3 cup, blunt, sessile
f. Fagaceae – Q. prinus – chestnut oak – alt, simple, spat, acum, shallow, round – twig ridged – acorn 2cm, 1/3 cup
f. Fagaceae – Q. rubra – n. red oak – alt, simple, sharp lobes – bark with silver streaks – acorn, 1.5-3cm, beret cup
f. Fagaceae – Q. velutina – black oak – alt, simple, shiny – bud dusty – acorn, 1.5cm, ½ cup, loose scales, squared

f. Ginkgoaceae – Ginkgo biloba – ginkgo – alt, simple, fan-shaped – excurrent – spur shoots

f. Hamamelidaceae – Hamamelis virginiana – witch-hazel – alt, simple – buds naked, stalked, yellowy – 2 bund sc
f. Hamamelidaceae – Liquidambar styraciflua – sweetgum – alt, simple, star – pith angled, glittery – beaks fruit

f. Juglandaceae – Carya cordiformis – bitternut hickory – alt, pinnate (7–9) – sulfur-yellow buds – ironed bark
f. Juglandaceae – C. glabra – pignut hickory – alt, pinnate (5-7) – thin/medium husk – bud downy, dome-shaped
f. Juglandaceae – C. ovata – shagbark hickory – alt, pinnate (5) – thick husk – bud large – loose strips of bark
f. Juglandaceae – Juglans nigra – black walnut – alt, pinnate (13-23) – chambered pith – monkey face leaf scar

f. Lauraceae – Lindera benzoin – spicebush – alt, simple, acum – twigs slender, spicy, dark – buds green
f. Lauraceae – Sassafras albidum – sassafras – alt, simple, poly-lobed – orange inner bark – twig green, spicy smell

f. Lythraceae – Decodon verticillatus – water-willow – opp/whorled – wet habitats – single stemmed shrub

f. Magnoliaceae – Liriodendron tulipifera – tuliptree – alt, simple, 4-lobed – duck-bill bud – tire track bark
f. Magnoliaceae – Magnolia acuminata – cucumber tree – alt, simple, large, leathery – bud white, pub – black fruit

f. Malvaceae – Tilia americana – Am. basswood – alt, simple – buds plump, lopsided – bark smooth > furrowed

f. Moraceae – Maclura pomifera – osage-orange – alt, simple, ovate, acum – thorn in each node – green brain fruit
f. Moraceae – Morus alba – white mulberry – alt, simple, poly-lobed – buds offset, orbicular – twig tan

f. Nyssaceae – Nyssa sylvatica – blackgum – alt, simple, lustrous, ovate, entire – alligator bark – excurrent

f. Oleaceae – Fraxinus americana – white ash – opp, pinnate – twigs knobby – crescent-shaped leaf scar – bud light
f. Oleaceae – F. nigra – black ash – opp, pinnate – lateral buds spaced from terminal – bud cone shaped – bud dark
f. Oleaceae – F. penn…a – red ash – opp, pinnate (6) – twig pub. – semicircle/shield leaf scar – bud dark, at apex
f. Oleaceae – F. quadrangulata – blue ash – opp, pinnate – twigs square and winged
f. Oleaceae – Ligustrum vulgare – common privet – opp, simple, ovate, lanc, variable in size – petioles short
f. Oleaceae – Syringa vulgaris – common lilac – opp, simple, cordate, entire – shrub – beaked dehiscent capsules

f. Pinaceae – Abies balsamea – balsam fir – needles, 1-1.5cm two-ranked, soft – erect shatter cones, 8cm
f. Pinaceae – A. concolor – white fir – needles, 5cm, flat, upswept, glaucous – citrus smell – shatter cones, 7cm
f. Pinaceae – Larix laricina – eastern larch – needles, on short shoots – decid. – bog species – rosette cone, 1-1.5cm
f. Pinaceae – Picea abies – Nor spruce – needles, 1.5cm – cone, 12-13cm, papery, stiff, notched – drooping branches
f. Pinaceae – P. glauca – white spruce – needles, 1.5-2cm, glaucous, diamond – cone, 4cm, entire – widespread
f. Pinaceae – P. mariana – black spruce – needles, stiff, 1cm – bog species – cone, 3-5cm, erose margin
f. Pinaceae – P. pungens – CO blue spruce – needles, 2cm, sharp, glaucous – droopy branches – cone 9cm, papery
f. Pinaceae – Pinus banksiana – jack pine – needles, 2.5cm, twisted diverg. – cone, 3-4cm, closed, persists, points in
f. Pinaceae – P. nigra – black pine – needles, 12cm – cone, 5-6cm, bas. intact, decid. term. arm. – 90° lat. branches
f. Pinaceae – P. ponderosa – ponderosa pine – needles, 12cm, 2-3 – cone, 5-10cm, armed, w/out bas. – 45° branches
f. Pinaceae – P. resinosa – red pine – needles, 12cm, brittle – cone, 5cm, w/ dors. umbo, w/out bas. scales
f. Pinaceae – P. strobus – e. white pine – needles, 10cm, slender, 5-per, tufts – cone, 10-12cm, term. umbo
f. Pinaceae – P. sylvestris – Scotch pine – needles, 6cm, 2 per, glauc – bark orange – 3-4cm, bas. intact, dors. umbo
f. Pinaceae – Pseudotsuga menziesii – Douglas-fir – needles, 3cm, upswept, rounded tips – cone, 6cm, with rat-tails
f. Pinaceae – Tsuga canadensis – e. hemlock – needles, 1-1.5cm, two-ranked – cone, 2cm, wobbly – drooping leader

f. Platanaceae – Platanus occidentalis – sycamore –alt, simple – camo cark – twig internodes straight, buds covered

f. Rhamnaceae – Rhamnus cathartica – common buckthorn – alt, simple, arcuate – ashy, mottled – terminal thorn
f. Rhamnaceae – Rhamnus frangula – glossy buckthorn – alt, simple, arc, ovate – no terminal thorn

f. Rosaceae – Amelanchier arborea – downy serviceberry – alt, simple, lanc – buds, long, narr, sharp – stretch bark
f. Rosaceae – Aronia melanocarpa – black chokeberry – alt, simple, arc, incurved, spatulate – glands on leaf midrib
f. Rosaceae – Crataegus spp. – hawthorn – alt, simple, acum base – unbranched thorns – red/ylw pome – eg: malus
f. Rosaceae – Malus pumila – common apple – alt, simple – leaves, twigs, and buds tomentose – short shoots
f. Rosaceae – Physocarpus opulifolius – ninebark – alt, simple, cren – bark exf – twigs 5-lined – papery seed caps
f. Rosaceae – Prunus avium – sweet cherry – alt, simple – petiole glands – horizontal lenticels – naturally rare
f. Rosaceae – P. serotina – black cherry – alt, simple, incurved teeth – burnt chip bark – buds tiny
f. Rosaceae – P. virginiana – choke cherry – alt, simple, outcurved teeth – poop-on-a-stick – twig dark like Amelan.
f. Rosaceae – Rosa spp. – roses – alt, pinnate (odd) – stipules – recurved spines – rosehips – zig-zag twig
f. Rosaceae – Rubus allegheniensis – highb black – alt, palmate (3-5) – prickles – pub pet – buds green – ridge twig
f. Rosaceae – R. hispidus – dwarf blackberry – alt, compound (3) – bristles – ground cover – bristled petioles
f. Rosaceae – R. occidentalis – black raspberry – alt, pinnate (3), pale beneath – few large spines – twig red glaucous
f. Rosaceae – R. strigosus – red raspberry – alt, pinnate (3-5) – twig with dense erect hairs, glaucous, pink looking
f. Rosaceae – Spiraea alba – meadowsweet – alt, simple – twigs yellowish, wandlike – similar to goldenrod

f. Rubiaceae – Cephalanthus occidentalis – buttonbush – whorled/opp, simple – buds covered by thin bark

f. Rutaceae – Zanthoxylum americanum – prickly-ash – alt, pinnate (5-11) – thorny – let-my-people-go-thorns

f. Salicaceae – Populus alba – Euro. white poplar – alt, simple, white under, green above – diamond bark
f. Salicaceae – P. deltoides – eastern cottonwood – alt, simple – 3 bundle scars – buds large – bark tan, furrowed
f. Salicaceae – P. grandidentata – bigtooth aspen – alt, simple, toothed (~10) – bark smooth, gray – bud dusty
f. Salicaceae – P. tremuloides – quaking aspen – alt, simple – petioles flat, long – new bark smooth, white
f. Salicaceae – P. x rouleauiana – white poplar hybrid – alt, simple, toothed (~7-8) – alba x grandidentata hybrid
f. Salicaceae – Salix amygdaloides – peachleaf willow – alt, simple, long – cat-claw buds – small leaf scars
f. Salicaceae – S. exigua – sandbar willow – alt, simple – bark w/ lenticels – buds small, term w/ 1 scale – shrub

f. Sapindaceae – Acer negundo – boxelder – opp, pinn (6) – twig green, nodes lined, eg: Fraxinus – buds hidden?
f. Sapindaceae – A. nigrum – black maple – opp, simple, 3-lobed – wilting leaves – lobe pointing inward
f. Sapindaceae – A. platanoides – Norway maple – opp, simple, 5-lobed – samara large, widely diverging
f. Sapindaceae – A. rubrum – red maple – opp, simple, 3-lobed, serrate – twigs red lustrous, buds red clustered
f. Sapindaceae – A. saccharinum – silver maple – opp, simple, serrate, deep smooth sinuses – long pet. – twig red
f. Sapindaceae – A. saccharum – sugar maple – opp, simple, 5-lobed – terminal bud sharp conical – lobe outward
f. Sapindaceae – Aesculus glabra – Ohio buckeye – palmate (5), opp – buds resinous – twig tan, stout – bud reddish

f. Saxifragaceae – Ribes americanum – wild black currant – alt, simple, 3-lobed, cordate – no spines – twig light
f. Saxifragaceae – R. cynosbati – prickly gooseberry – alt, simple, dentate-crenate, 3-lobed – spiny nodes

f. Simaroubaceae – Ailanthus altissima – tree-of-heaven – pinnate (11-41), alt – twig stout – large bundle scar

f. Smilacaceae – Smilax tamnoides – bristly greenbriar – alt, simple – vine – paired tendrils on petioles – armed

f. Staphyleaceae – Staphylea trifolia – A. bladdernut – opp, pin (3), stalked term, long pet. – lantern – twig green

f. Taxaceae – Taxus Canadensis – Canada yew – needles, arranged flat on twig – bog shrub – red berries (cones)

f. Thymelaeaceae – Dirca palustris – leatherwood – alt, simple – bark leathery – swollen twig nodes – hidden buds

f. Ulmaceae – Ulmus americana – Am. elm – alt, simple, rough up, veins rarely fork, acuminate – beef n cheese
f. Ulmaceae – U. pumila – Siberian elm – alt, simple, small, glabrous – tan twig small dark buds
f. Ulmaceae – U. rubra – slippery elm – alt, simple, very rough up, veins fork – beef n beef – twig redder

f. Vitaceae – Parthenocissus quinquefolia – Virginia creeper – alt, palmate (5) – twig nodes swollen – spaghetti
f. Vitaceae – Vitis riparia – river–bank grape – alt, simple, lobed, serrate – single tendrils – woody, shreddy bark

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